The Benefits of Forests and Wetlands as carbon sinks, in combating climate change.
2010. CO2 payback time for a wind farm on afforested peatland in the UK
J.T. Mitchell, , J. Grace, and G.P. Harrison. Mires and Peat, Volume 4 (2008–2010), Article 10, http://www.mires-and-peat.net/, ISSN 1819-754X , 2010 International Mire Conservation Group and International Peat Society
SUMMARY: The siting of wind farms on natural and afforested upland peatlands presents an interesting public policy dilemma. Such locations may offer developers attractive wind characteristics amidst sparse human settlement, but the associated disturbance of carbon from soils and vegetation may reduce the carbon benefits that can be derived from wind farm operation. … The results show that the wind farm would compensate for its life cycle CO2 emissions in less than three years of operation in Harwood Forest, whereas the CO2 payback time would be reduced to less than five months if it were placed at an alternative site where CO2 emissions from disturbed soil and vegetation were not an issue.
Carbon Dioxide Reduction Through Urban Forestry: Guidelines for Professional and Volunteer Tree Planters. E. Gregory McPherson James R. Simpson. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. PSW-GTR-171. January 1999.
An Initial SPARROW Model of Land Use and In-Stream Controls on Total Organic Carbon in Streams of the Conterminous United States, Jhih-Shyang Shih, Richard B. Alexander, Richard A. Smith, Elizabeth W. Boyer, Gregory E. Schwarz, and Susie Chung. Open-File Report 2010–1276. U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2010
ASWM Publications & Resources
- Common Questions: Wetland, Climate Change, and Carbon Sequestering (Kusler – 2006)
- Reducing Climate Change Impacts And Promoting Fish and Wildlife: Findings And Recommendations For Biological Carbon storage and Sequestering (AFWA & ASWM Paper – 2011)
Other Publications & Resources
- Leveraging the Landscape: State of the Forest Carbon Markets 2012 (Ecosystem Marketplace Report – 2012)
- An Initial SPARROW Model of Land Use and In-stream Controls on Total Organic Carbon in Streams of the Conterminous United States (USGS – 2010)
- Blue Carbon – The Role of Healthy Oceans in Binding Carbon (UNEP, FAO and IOC/UNESCO Report – 2009)
- Impact of U.S. Department of Interior and U.S. Department of Agriculture Programs and Ecological Services Derived from Restored Prairie Wetland and Adjacent Grasslands (USGS Report – 2004)
- Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of the Western United States (USGS Report – 2012)
- Carbon Sequestration 101 (NOAA Habitat Conservation webpage)
- National Assessment of Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes (USGS webpage)
- Conserving Prairie Pothole Wetlands: Evaluating Their Effects on Carbon Sequestration in Soils and Vegetation (NRCS Paper – 2012)
2017, Managing the Risks of Wind Farms in Forested Areas: Design, Aarhus University Department of Business Development and Technology (BTECH)
Principles for Northern Europe. “This is where the wind profile shifts from exponentially within the forest to logarithmically above the forest, and this change in the wind profile
causes turbulence and unpredictable wind flows. It is worth mentioning that the turbulence and changes in wind speed above the forest canopy vary on the impact from the atmospheric stratification (Brayshaw, et al., 2011).”
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